Nigeria is currently at moderate risk for the Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), a respiratory virus that affects people of all ages, the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC) confirmed following a dynamic risk assessment conducted on January 6, 2025. The virus, which is actively circulating in several countries including China, can range in severity from mild cold-like symptoms to more serious respiratory infections, particularly in young children, the elderly, and individuals with compromised immune systems.
The NCDC, in collaboration with international partners such as the World Health Organization (WHO), the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (USCDC), and the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), has proactively engaged in evaluating the risks posed by HMPV. This assessment will guide Nigeria’s preparedness and response strategies to address the virus and prevent potential outbreaks.
In his statement, the Director-General of the NCDC Jide Idris, emphasized that rumors circulating about the WHO declaring HMPV a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) are unfounded and should be disregarded. He assured the public that no such declaration had been made. He also reassured the Nigerian populace that the country’s health authorities are actively monitoring developments, with appropriate measures in place to manage the virus’s potential spread.
As part of its preparedness strategy, the NCDC has placed all international points of entry into Nigeria on alert. The agency is monitoring trends through its National Influenza Sentinel Surveillance (NISS) system, which tracks Influenza-like Illnesses (ILI) and Severe Acute Respiratory Infections (SARI). This surveillance, which spans the six geopolitical zones of the country, has not indicated any unusual spikes in respiratory infections as of January 6, 2025, although the NCDC remains vigilant due to the global rise in HMPV cases.
Moreover, NCDC is taking steps to enhance its response capacity. A comprehensive Entry Implementation Protocol for HMPV, developed in collaboration with the Federal Ministry of Health, has been approved by the Minister of Health and Social Welfare. This protocol will guide response activities at international points of entry and ensure rapid deployment of quarantine facilities and infection control measures if necessary.
The NCDC is emphasizing the importance of good hygiene practices during this period, with the distribution of Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) materials across health facilities and international points of entry. These materials will inform travelers and frontline health staff about the virus and prevention strategies.
Healthcare workers are being trained to enhance their ability to manage suspected or confirmed cases of HMPV. Hospitals have been advised to identify isolation rooms for rapid patient care, and a stockpile of necessary medical supplies including personal protective equipment (PPE), laboratory reagents, and IPC materials is being prepared for quick deployment should the situation require it.
In addition to monitoring respiratory infections, the NISS system, which currently tests for COVID-19, will now include testing for HMPV. Laboratories at international airports will also be supported to carry out HMPV tests, ensuring robust surveillance at critical points of entry.
To counter misinformation and prevent panic, the NCDC is working closely with state governments and health educators to provide accurate and timely updates. Public health advisories have been issued to encourage appropriate health-seeking behavior and adherence to preventive measures. In case of emergencies, Nigerians are urged to contact the NCDC’s toll-free hotline or email for assistance.
While the threat of HMPV remains moderate in Nigeria, the NCDC is committed to ensuring the country is prepared for any eventuality. The situation will continue to be closely monitored, and the public is encouraged to stay informed through official NCDC channels and follow recommended preventive guidelines to mitigate the spread of the virus.
